There has likewise been no acknowledgment of neoslavery through convict leasing, peonage, and Jim Crow, nor of subsequent state-sanctioned harms that extended well into the twentieth century. These omissions are not symbolic oversights; they reflect a sustained refusal to assume legal responsibility.
In the absence of recognition and apology, the injuries remain unresolved in law. Without admission, there can be no redress; without redress, no closure. The matter therefore persists not as a question of sentiment or morality, but as one of formal litigation—unsettled claims arising from documented crimes that have never been adjudicated, remedied, or reconciled.
